ISSN : 2714-4917


NIGER DELTA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL RESEARCH

A Publication Of Nigeria Medical Association Bayelsa State Branch

Home About Us For Authors Issues Useful Downloads Contact Information

FAQ NDJMMR

Questions are asked and these questions need answers. This is the reason why this page is created to enable us share few worries!

×
Archive | ISSUE: , Volume: Jul-Sep-2025

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF TRAMADOL USE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN YENAGOA LGA BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA


Author:NJOKU FC, UVOH SM, ONOKPITE E , TONKIRI A

published date:2025-Sep-10

FULL TEXT in - | page 91–99

Abstract

Background: Tramadol abuse by adolescence has become a disturbing health related phenomenon in Nigeria, hence this study investigated the prevalence and determinants of tramadol abuse among senior secondary school students in Yenagoa LGA.

Methods: 400 Students constituted the population size and Questionnaire were used as instruments for data collection. The null hypotheses formulated for the study were tested by the means of chi-square.

Results: The results shows that tramadol is randomly sold in Yenagoa with mean scores of 3.80 and 3.94, students have observe colleague in school use tramadol with a mean scores of 3.50 and 3.61 but disagreed that the chemist store within their area sell tramadol to them with a mean scores of 2.60 and 2.45 as the extent to which peer pressure influence the use of drug by students. More observation indicates respondents agreed to the fact that tramadol can make a student think smarter with mean scores of 3.05 and 3.45. Tramadol can be used to eliminate depression with a mean scores of 2.89 and 3.00, tramadol have some negative effects such as violence and depression on the lives of an individual with a mean scores of 3.33 and 2.44, that tramadol can be used to boost energy with a mean scores of 3.40 and 2.00, and disagreed that tramadol can make an individual stronger with a mean scores of 2.40 and 2.00 as the extent to which they are knowledgeable to the use of tramadol.

Conclusion: The prevalence of 37.5% abuse of tramadol amongst students in this study appears to be high based on its effects on the youths and society in the study area. Determinant factors identified include frustration, depression, and the drug ability to make them smarter. Urgent steps, involving the government and health professionals are required to curtail this societal menace to preserve future generation.

Keywords: Abuse, Prevalence, Students, Tramadol, Marijuana

References

1. Janssen S, O’Brien M. Disentangling the effects of tramadol use on student attitudes and behaviours on academic performance. Int J Scholarsh Teach Learn. 2014;8(2):1–29.

2. Bawa SN. Perceptions of youth on substance abuse in Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria [Internet]. Accra: University of Ghana; 2015 [cited 2015 May 10]. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh

3. Bassi AP, Idoko L, Ogundeko TO, Ramyil MSC, Abisoye-Ogunniyan A, Ogbole EA, et al. Substance abuse and its prevalence among secondary school adolescents in Kagoro, Kaduna State, Nigeria. World J Res Rev. 2017;5(1):11–16.

4. Jackline TN, John AO. School management and effect of tramadol abuse on students’ academic performance in Embu North District, Embu County, Kenya. Int J Humanit Soc Sci. 2014;4(9):86–99.

5. Gopiram P, Kishore MT. Psychosocial attributes of substance abuse among adolescents and young adults: a comparative study of users and non-users. Indian J Psychol Med. 2014;36(1):58–61. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.127252

6. Fareo DO. Drug abuse among Nigerian adolescents: strategies for counselling. J Int Soc Res. 2012;5(20):342–346.

7. Nnachi RO. Advanced psychology of learning and scientific enquiries. Enugu: JJ Classic Publishers Ltd; 2007.

8. Humpus O, Anthony P, Jurich J. Family factors in the lives of drug users and abusers: its economic and social implications. Subst Use Misuse. 2008;34(3):443–454.

9. Salaam A. Street life involvement and substance use among “Yandaba” in Kano, Nigeria. Afr J Drug Alcohol Stud. 2011;10(2):119–129.

10. National Agency for the Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NACADA). Parents’ alcohol consumption behaviours and their children’s alcohol abuse: evidence from secondary school students in Nairobi. Nairobi: NACADA; 2008.

11. Ibrahim AW, Yerima MM, Pindar SK, Onyencho VC, Ahmed HK, Machina BK, et al. Tramadol abuse among patients attending an addiction clinic in north-eastern Nigeria: outcome of a four-year retrospective study. Adv Psychol Neurosci. 2017;2(2-1):31–37.

12. Okoye NN. The adolescents and hard drugs: a psychological concern in R.U.N. In: Okonkwo R, Okoye RO, editors. The Nigerian adolescent in perspective. Lagos: Nigerian Society for Education; 2001.

13. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence Producing Drugs. Fourteenth report. Urban 2005;61:2032–46. adolescents. Child Dev.

14. Okorodudu R, Okorodudu GN. An overview of conduct problems of the Nigerian child. J Niger Soc Educ Psychol. 2004:76–83.

15. Kabir K, Kandel DB, Kessler RC, Margulies RZ. Antecedents of adolescent initiation into stages of drug use: a developmental analysis. J Youth Adolesc. 2011;27(4):13–40.

16. Retta EA. Hanging out: trends in substance use among youth in a private tertiary institution in Nigeria—a qualitative study. Int J Soc Sci. 2018;4(1):415–435.

17. Dankani I. Abuse of cough syrups: a new trend in drug abuse in Northwestern Nigerian states of Kano, Sokoto, Katsina, Zamfara and Kebbi. Int J Phys Soc Sci. 2012;2(8):199–213.

18. Kulis S, Marsiglia FF, Nieri T. Perceived ethnic discrimination versus acculturation stress: influences on substance use among Latino youth in the southwest. J Health Soc Behav. 2009;50(4):443 459.

19. Griffin K, Botwin B. Teens drug use patterns reviewed. J Child Adolesc Psychother. 2010;2(4):303–304.

20. Elliason S, Asechaab K, Asiaktiwen A. Abuse and misuse of tramadol among youth in the Wassa Amenfi West Municipality, Western Region of Ghana. Psychol Psychol Res Int J. 2018;3(1):18–26.

21. Yusuf FA. Effects of peer modelling technique in reducing substance abuse among undergraduates in Osun State, Nigeria. IFE PsychologIA. 2013;21(1):194–205.

22. Adewuyi T. Age and peer influence on substance abuse among undergraduates [Internet]. Ife Psychologi. 2013 [cited 2013 Sept 20]. Available from: http://www.readperiodicals.com/201309/309327392 1.html

23. Siro A. Drug abuse and political thuggery among the youth in Kano Metropolis: a modern civilization or resource mismanagement? Res Humanit Soc Sci. 2014;4(4):76–84.

24. Abdu-Raheem BO. Sociological factors to drug abuse and effects on secondary school students’ academic performance in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria. Contemp Issues Educ Res. 2013;6(2):233 240.

25. Al-Haqwi AI. Perception among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, regarding alcohol and substance abuse in the community: a cross-sectional survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2010;5(2).

26. Uzoechi EC, Ikenna DE. Tramadol misuse in the Niger Delta: a review of cases presenting within a year. J Subst Abuse. 2019;24(5):487–491. doi:10.1080/14659891.1604842

27. Ochuko EN. New trend of drug abuse by secondary school students in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2021;21(3):1460–1466. doi:10.4314/ahs.v21i3.57

28. Mordecai O, Tarimobowei E, Gift CT, Preye DO, Uchenna GE, Tuebi RW. Drug abuse in Nigeria: the public health impact of collective actions and inactions—a systematic review [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 May 13]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.13.25327537

FULL TEXT in - | page 91–99

Issue Archive

Volume 7 2026

Volume 1 2026

Volume 6 2025

Issue 3-Jul-Sep
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 3 2024

Issue 3-Jul-Sep
Issue 2-Apr-Jun
Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 2 2023

Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 1 2020

Issue 1-Jan-Mar

Volume 4 2013

Issue 4-Oct-Dec

Volume 1 2013

Issue 4-Oct-Dec

Copyright © Niger Delta Journal Of Medicine & Medical Research | A Publication Of Nigeria Medical Association Bayelsa State Branch.
All Rights Reserved. P.M.B. 126, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa. Bayelsa state Nigeria