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NIGER DELTA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL RESEARCH

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Archive | ISSUE: , Volume: Apr-Jun-2025

THE INTERFACE BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AT THE GRASS ROOT COMMUNITY LEVEL IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA


Author:Oni OO, Ogunwobi O, Akinwusi PO, Owolabi JI, Odeyemi AO, Israel GM1, Ala O, Akande JO, Israel OK, Ajibola I, Aremu AO, Shitu AO

published date:2025-Jul-09

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Abstract

Background: Depression is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. There is a reciprocal relationship between depression and cardiovascular risk factors. However, the prevalence of depression in the rural areas and the attending cardiovascular risk factors have not been well described.

Methodology: A cross section study of the Ejigbo community was done through convenient sampling. Data was obtained using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, WHO STEPS and a standard proforma. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant authorities. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 25.

Results: Two hundred and twenty-five subjects were recruited with 25.8% being males. The total prevalence of depression is 23.2%, with prevalence of mild, moderate and major depression was 12.9%, 7.6% and 2.7% respectively. Those with depression were younger, taller, with higher Body mass index (BMI), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and a shorter QRS duration. Chest pain, palpitation, breathlessness and intermittent claudication were also more common among the subjects with depression. Those with depression were more likely students, unemployed- unable to work and had a worse New York Heart Association functional score(p=0.001). Diabetes mellitus and Obesity tend to be commoner in those with depression. Depression correlated inversely with age, height, total cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol and directly with BMI, chest pain, palpitations, breathlessness and intermittent claudication. Age, BMI and palpitations were independent determinants of depression in this study.

Conclusion: Depression is prevalent within the community and has significant association with cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms.

Keywords: Depression, Cardiovascular risk, Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Cholesterol

Cite this article: Oni OO, Ogunwobi O, Akinwusi PO, Owolabi JI, Odeyemi AO, Israel GM, et al. The interface between depression and common cardiovascular risk factors at the grass root community level in Southwestern Nigeria. Niger Delta J Med Med Res. 2025;4(1):42–51.

Keywords: Depression, Cardiovascular risk, Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Cholesterol

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